Observation of Gravitational Waves by Invariants for Electromagnetic Waves

Abstract We lay a theoretical foundation in the observation of gravitational waves (GWs) by electromagnetic (EMWs) performing full analysis without any optical approximation. For that, perturbation plane EMWs is obtained solving perturbed Maxwell equation with GWs Minkowski background spacetime. In GW detector using EMWs, we propose to measure invariants that are independent motion EMW receiver and whose perturbations gauge-invariant. Imposing physical boundary condition at emitters, have analytic results for can be measured receiver. Finally, show antenna patterns monochromatic EMWs.